In biological classification, species and race represent different levels of taxonomic hierarchy with distinct characteristics and definitions.
A species is defined as a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in natural conditions. Members of the same species share common characteristics and genetic makeup. For example, all domestic dogs belong to the same species Canis familiaris despite their varied appearances.
Race, on the other hand, refers to subspecies or varieties within a species that have developed distinct physical characteristics due to geographical isolation or environmental factors. These differences are often superficial and don\“t prevent interbreeding.
In India, we can observe this concept through various local products. For instance, different varieties of mangoes like Alphonso, Dasheri, and Langra are all the same species （Mangifera indica） but represent different races or cultivars with unique flavors, textures, and appearances.
Similarly, Indian cattle breeds such as Gir, Sahiwal, and Tharparkar are all the same species （Bos indicus） but represent different races adapted to various regional conditions across India.
The key distinction lies in reproductive isolation - different species cannot produce fertile offspring together, while different races within the same species can successfully interbreed. |
